I just did a video for Hackaday about Thermocouple Amplifiers, a quickie video feature Linear Technology in this case. The spares from the build for the video are available at https://www.herdware.com/shop/analog/thermocouple-amplifier/ along with a Type K Thermocouple.
From the Hackaday video
Thermocouple is a terrific way to measure temperature. The effects of temperature change on dissimilar metals produces a measurable voltage. But to make that measurement you need an amplifier circuit designed for the thermocouple being used.
While researching “Zero Drift Amplifiers” as a follow-up to my video on Instrumentation Amplifiers I noticed the little schematic the front page of theLTC1049 datasheet which is shown here. I thought it was an ideal example of an analog application where some gain and some “gain helper” were needed to accomplish our useful little application of amplifying a thermocouple probe.